PinToo之ModbusRTU控制LED灯

1. 说明

  范例采用ModbusRTU通讯协议，控制驳接在Arduino上的LED灯。ModbusRTU传输方式为1个主机对应多个从机，此时使用从机的从机号来做识别，如果主机传输的从机号对应到该从机的号码，如果格式正确该从机会作回应。因此在Modbus传输中，每个从机都是被动的，在运行过程中会不断监听是否有收到请求。范例中的Arduino ModbusRTU设置为从机，等待主机发出指令进行各种控制活动。每个从机都有固定的保持寄存器的地址，需参照规范来进行存取。范例中也设置从机号与控制参数的地址。

  范例中使用TTL转RS-485模块（简称为TTL485）,作为数据传输转换的装置，用于PC设备与Modbus RTU设备间的数据传输，单条485总线可以支持32个ModbusRTU设备。范例中采用TTL485扩展Arduino开发板在ModbusRTU的功能。TTL485与Arduino开发板的连接方式如下：

TTL485针脚	Arduino针脚	功能
RO	RX	接受信息
RE	D2	收发控制
DE	D2	收发控制
DI	TX	发送信息
VCC	5V	供电
GND	GND	接地线

  通过范例学习，可以掌握TfxUsbSerial组件的基本属性设备，并结合Arduino开发板进行串口LED灯的控制功能。

2. 零件连接图

3. 使用零件

序	零件名称	数量
1	Arduino UNO R3 开发板	1
2	USB数据线	1
3	TTL转RS-485模块	1
4	USB转485接头	1
5	面包板	1
6	杜邦线	若干
7	LED灯	1
8	220欧姆电阻	1

4. Arduino流程图

5. Arduino程序

  使用Arduino IDE 编译并上传以下Arduino程序。

// 使用链接库 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bx5wWRfN_z7oMDlZMDhWbXM2VFU/view
// 使用扩充模块 Arduino Sensor Shield 传感器扩展板 V5 XBee RS485 
#include <modbus.h>
#include <modbusDevice.h>
#include <modbusRegBank.h>
#include <modbusSlave.h>
#define LED_PIN 8                                              // 定义LED PIN为8
modbusDevice regBank;                                          // 宣告 Modbus
modbusSlave slave;

#define RS485TxEnablePin 2
#define RS485Baud 9600                                       //波特率9600
#define RS485Format SERIAL_8N1                               //通信格式 8个数据位 无校验 一个停止位

void setup() {
   pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);                                 // 设定PIN 8为输出模式
   regBank.setId(3);                                         // 设置 Modus 从机号=3
   regBank.add(40001);                                       // 设置会使用到之 Holding Register 之地址
   regBank.add(40002);  
   slave._device = &regBank;                                 // 启动 modbus RTU
   slave.setBaud(&Serial,RS485Baud,RS485Format,RS485TxEnablePin);
}

void loop() {
   // PIN 8输出为HIGH or 1 ,LED点亮 输出为LOW or 0,LED熄灭
   digitalWrite(LED_PIN, regBank.get(40001));  
   delay(500);                                                //延时500ms
   slave.run();    
   delay(500);
 }

6. 设计明细

  开启PinToo设计器，分别加入下插图之控件。或者点击左上角的[打开模板Lib文件]选择模板文件来打开对应模板。

  ①：TfxSuperButton组件，控件名称为fxSuperButtonPaired。

  ②：TfxUsbSerial组件，控件名称为fxUsbSerial1。

  ③：TfxSwitchButton组件，控件名称为fxSwitchButton2。

  ④：TfxSwitchButton组件，控件名称为fxSwitchButton1。

  ⑤：TfxComboBox组件，控件名称为fxComboBoxPaired。

  ⑥：TfxSuoerButto钮组件，控件名称为fxSuperButtonServices。

• fxRunFrame属性设置

  • Height：设置页面高度=800。
  • Width：设置页面宽度=400。

• ①fxSuperButtonPaired属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=40。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=40。
  • ButtonType：设置按钮类型，设置为TfxSvgButton。
  • Name：设置控件名称=fxSuperButtonPaired。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：设置SVG数据，其数据内容如下。

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• ②fxUsbSerial1属性设置

  • UsbSerialType：串口通讯协议类型，此处设置为RS485。

• ③fxSwitchButton2属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=200。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=200。
  • HitTest：是否响应点击操作，设置为False。
  • SwitchOffBmp：设置开关状态为关时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：设置开关状态为开时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

• ④fxSwitchButton1属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=200。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=200。
  • SwitchOffBmp：设置开关状态为关时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：设置开关状态为开时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

• ⑤fxComboBoxPaired属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=30。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=150。

• ⑥fxSuperButtonServices属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=40。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=40。
  • ButtonType：设置按钮类型，设置为TfxSvgButton。
  • Name：设置控件名称=fxSuperButtonServices。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：设置SVG数据，其数据内容如下。

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7. 程序设计

  点击程序设计界面右下角的按钮，切换至单元选择界面，勾选需要使用的单元。该程序需要引用uUsbSerial单元。

7.1. 程序初始设置

  程序在关闭窗口前对开串口连接。

Procedure fxRunFrameBeforeClose(Sender: TObject);
//关闭窗体前关闭串口
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
End;

7.2. 事件设置

• ①fxSuperButtonPaired-OnClick事件

  点击按钮，加载串口设备列表并显示。

Procedure fxSuperButtonPairedOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//加载设备列表
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
  ComboBoxPaired.Items := fxUsbSerial1.Devices;
  ComboboxPaired.DropDown;
  fxSuperButtonPaired.Enabled := False;
End;

• ⑤fxComboBoxPaired-OnChange事件

  点击按钮，切换连接的设备。

Procedure ComboBoxPairedOnChange(Sender: TObject);
//切换配对设备
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
  fxUsbSerial1.UsbDevice := ComboBoxPaired.Items[ComboBoxPaired.ItemIndex];
  fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('串口已关闭，请选择后重新打开串口',2.0,100);
End;

• ⑥fxSuperButtonServices-OnClick事件

  点击以开启串口通信。

Procedure fxSuperButtonServicesOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//开启端口串口
begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Open(True);
End;

• ④fxSwitchButton1-OnSwitch事件

  点击切换开关。

Procedure fxSwitchButton1OnSwitch(Sender: TObject);
//开启、关闭LED
Begin
  if fxSwitchButton1.IsChecked Then
  //开启LED灯
  begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteMultipleRegisters(3,0,1,'1'); //发送 1 字符，打开LED
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED灯已开启',2.0,100);
  End
  else
  Begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteMultipleRegisters(3,0,1,'0'); //发送 0 字符，关闭LED
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED灯已关闭',2.0,100);
  End;
  fxSwitchButton2.IsChecked := fxSwitchButton1.IsChecked;
End;

8. 运行结果

  使用鼠标在 PinToo 菜单，点击[调试运行]按钮，测试运行结果。

  通过同步中心，将程序上传至手机PinToo运行；同步时，请确保手机已经运行PinToo，并且已经登陆。

  将RS485转USB的一端与手机的USB相连，点击左上角的配对按钮，选择对应的串口，点击右侧的按钮开启串口连接，点击控制区的开关按钮，当控制区灯亮时LED灯亮；当控制区灯灭时，LED灯灭。