PinToo之串口控制LED灯

1. 说明

  使用PinToo智能开发平台，通过串口控制连接到Arduino的LED。当从串口输出高电平时，开启Arduino开发板上的LED，当串口输出低位电平时，关闭Arduino开发板上的LED。

  LED发光二极管是电子电路中常用的元器件，它便宜且耐用，通常用于信号指示的电路中。在范例中，我们使用一个LED发光二极管，它的正极（二极管脚较长的一端）与一个电阻相连，LED发光二极管的负极（二极管脚较短的一端）与Arduino开发板的地线(GND)相连。此处使用到一个限流电阻，因为Arduino开发板输出的电流为5V，超出二极管的工作电压，接入电阻后可以降低二极管的电压，避免二极管被击穿。

  此处电阻与Arduino的针脚8相连，因此针脚8为信号输出端，我们在程序中也对该针脚进行了定义。当针脚8输出高位电平时，LED发光二极管点亮；针脚8输出低位电平时，LED发光二极管熄灭。

  通过范例学习，可以掌握TfxUsbSerial组件的基本属性设备，并结合Arduino开发板进行串口LED的控制功能。

2. 零件连接图

3. 使用零件

序号	零件名称	数量
1	Arduino UNO R3 开发板	1
2	USB数据线	1
3	面包板	1
4	杜邦线	若干
5	LED发光二极管	1
6	220欧姆电阻	1

4. Arduino流程图

5. Arduino程序

  使用Arduino IDE 编译并上传以下Arduino程序。

#define LED_PIN 8                          // 定义第8针脚输出LED亮灭的状态
 
bool LLedState = false;                    // 设置初始值
int LVal = 0;
 
void setup() {
   pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);               //设定第8针脚为输出模式
   Serial.begin(9600);                     //设定通信比特率为9600
}
 
void loop() {
  if(Serial.available() > 0) {             // 检查是否可以从串口读取数据
    LVal = Serial.read();                  // 从串口读取数据
    if(LVal != 0) {                        // 读取的数据不能为空
      if(LVal == 45) {
        Serial.print("READY");             // 传输准备完成的字符串
      } else {
         OnSerialCommand(LVal);            // 运行LED开关的子程序
      }
      LVal = 0;                            // 重新设定初始值
    } 
  }
 }
 
void OnSerialCommand(int cmd) {
  if(cmd == 49) {                          // 如果接收到的字符串为'1'
    LLedState = true;                      // 设置LED开关状态为True
  } else if(cmd == 48) {                   // 收到的字串如果'0'
    LLedState = false;                     // 设置LED开关状态为False
  }
  if(LLedState) {                          // 检查LED灯开关状态
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);           // 第8针脚输出高位电平，LED灯亮
    Serial.print("LED_ON_OK");             // 传送LED灯亮的信息
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);            // 第8针脚输出低位电平，LED灯灭
    Serial.print("LED_OFF_OK");            // 传送LED灯灭的信息
  }
} 

6. 设计明细

  开启PinToo设计器，分别加入下插图之控件。或者点击左上角的[打开模板Lib文件]选择模板文件来打开对应模板。

  ①：TfxUsbSerial组件，控件名称为fxUsbSerial1。

  ②：TfxSuperButton组件，控件名称为fxSuperButtonPaired。

  ③：TfxComboBox组件，控件名称为ComboBoxPaired。

  ④：TfxSwitchButton组件，控件名称为fxSwitchButton2。

  ⑤：TfxSuperButton组件，控件名称为fxSuperButtonServices。

  ⑥：TfxSwitchButton组件，控件名称为fxSwitchButton1。

• fxRunFrame属性设置

  • Height：设置页面高度=800。
  • Width：设置页面宽度=401。

• ①fxUsbSerial1属性设置

  • UsbSerialType：设置USB串口的连接类型，设置为RS232。

• ②fxSuperButtonPaired属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=40。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=40。
  • ButtonType：设置按钮类型，设置为TfxSvgButton。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：设置SVG数据，其数据内容如下。

  <path d="M35.4421844482422,20.57493019104 L31.6380081176758,16.7707595825195 L36.2994155883789,12.109356880188 C36.9879531860352,11.4208192825317 36.9879531860352,10.2916164398193 36.2994155883789,9.60307884216309 C35.6108703613281,8.91454124450684 34.4816741943359,8.91454124450684 33.7931365966797,9.60307884216309 L29.1317272186279,14.2644805908203 L25.7234687805176,10.8562164306641 L30.3848686218262,6.19481563568115 C31.0734081268311,5.5062780380249 31.0734081268311,4.37707614898682 30.3848686218262,3.68853807449341 C29.6963348388672,3 28.5671272277832,3.00000023841858 27.8785934448242,3.68853807449341 L23.217191696167,8.34993934631348 L19.4130210876465,4.54576778411865 C18.7279262542725,3.86067247390747 17.6090507507324,3.86067247390747 16.9239559173584,4.54576778411865 C16.2388610839844,5.23086261749268 16.2388610839844,6.34973669052124 16.9239559173584,7.03483200073242 L32.9531211853027,23.0639934539795 C33.6382141113281,23.7490882873535 34.7570877075195,23.7490882873535 35.4421768188477,23.0639934539795 C36.1272735595703,22.3788967132568 36.1272735595703,21.2600250244141 35.4421768188477,20.57493019104 Z M31.5278415679932,23.3394088745117 L16.6244430541992,8.43600654602051 C16.5590305328369,8.37059593200684 16.4523086547852,8.37059593200684 16.3868980407715,8.43600654602051 L14.3281688690186,10.4947357177734 L10.4207172393799,14.4021883010864 L10.4138307571411,14.4090738296509 L10.3931741714478,14.4297304153442 C9.0367546081543,17.0633888244629 9.0367546081543,20.1927928924561 8.90593338012695,22.6715278625488 L17.3198661804199,31.0854587554932 C19.7813873291016,30.8995532989502 23.3514575958252,30.9993915557861 25.5306777954102,29.567232131958 L25.558219909668,29.5396938323975 L25.5616626739502,29.5431346893311 L31.5278415679932,23.5769538879395 C31.5932502746582,23.5115432739258 31.5932502746582,23.4048194885254 31.5278415679932,23.3394088745117 Z M15.6363906860352,31.0475902557373 L8.91626167297363,24.3274612426758 C8.44805526733398,23.8592567443848 7.68722057342529,23.8592567443848 7.2190146446228,24.3274612426758 C6.75080871582031,24.7956657409668 6.75080871582031,25.5565013885498 7.2190146446228,26.0247058868408 L13.9425888061523,32.7482757568359 C14.4107933044434,33.2164840698242 15.1716279983521,33.2130432128906 15.6398324966431,32.7482757568359 C16.1045951843262,32.2800712585449 16.1045951843262,31.5157947540283 15.6363897323608,31.04758644104 Z M5.88669443130493,29.0852565765381 C5.25323963165283,29.718713760376 5.25323963165283,30.7584037780762 5.88669443130493,31.3918590545654 L6.41686820983887,31.9220352172852 L3.01204872131348,35.3268547058105 L4.68519592285156,37 L8.09001541137695,33.5951805114746 L8.62018966674805,34.125358581543 C9.25364398956299,34.7588119506836 10.2933368682861,34.7588119506836 10.9267921447754,34.125358581543 L12.2866535186768,32.765495300293 L7.24655628204346,27.7253952026367 L5.88669395446777,29.0852565765381 Z" p-id="1371" fill="#FF1296DB" stroke="Null"></path>
  

  • Name：设置控件名称为fxSuperButtonPaired。

• ③ComboBoxPaired属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=30。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=150。

• ④fxSwitchButton2属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=200。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=200。
  • HitTest：是否响应点击操作，设置为False。
  • SwitchOffBmp：设置开关状态为关时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：设置开关状态为开时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

• ⑤fxSuperButtonServices属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=40。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=40。
  • ButtonType：设置按钮类型，设置为TfxSvgButton。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：设置SVG数据，其数据内容如下。

  <path d="M23.2725524902344,3.01327514648438 L16.9796981811523,3.01327514648438 L13.8332691192627,8.47858810424805 L16.9796981811523,13.943902015686 L23.2725524902344,13.943902015686 L26.4189777374268,8.47858810424805 L23.2725524902344,3.01327514648438 Z M22.2060432434082,12.0852537155151 L18.0506324768066,12.0852537155151 L15.9707164764404,8.47858810424805 L18.0506324768066,4.87192440032959 L22.2060432434082,4.87192440032959 L24.2815361022949,8.47858810424805 L22.2060432434082,12.0852537155151 Z M33.7517929077148,20.3562431335449 L27.4545116424561,20.3562431335449 L24.3080863952637,25.8215560913086 L27.4545116424561,31.2868709564209 L33.6721343994141,31.2868709564209 L36.0397033691406,27.3173294067383 L36.9026489257813,25.8215560913086 L33.7517929077148,20.3562431335449 Z M34.4421463012695,26.365873336792 L32.6189002990723,29.4237937927246 L28.525447845459,29.4237937927246 L26.449951171875,25.8171291351318 L28.525447845459,22.2104663848877 L32.6808547973633,22.2104663848877 L34.75634765625,25.8171291351318 L34.4421463012695,26.365873336792 Z M14.7271909713745,27.3129005432129 L15.5901355743408,25.8171291351318 L12.4437074661255,20.3518161773682 L6.14642715454102,20.3518161773682 L3,25.8171291351318 L6.14642715454102,31.2824420928955 L12.3640518188477,31.2824420928955 L14.7271909713745,27.3129005432129 Z M7.21736335754395,29.4237937927246 L5.14187145233154,25.8171291351318 L7.21736240386963,22.2104663848877 L11.3683462142944,22.2104663848877 L13.4438381195068,25.8171291351318 L13.1296377182007,26.365873336792 L11.3063907623291,29.4237937927246 L7.21736240386963,29.4237937927246 Z M23.4274387359619,29.6185111999512 C23.2858276367188,29.3751163482666 22.9981784820557,29.2644863128662 22.7282333374023,29.3485641479492 C21.8343124389648,29.6273612976074 20.8917102813721,29.7689743041992 19.9269847869873,29.7689743041992 C18.9755325317383,29.7689743041992 18.0506324768066,29.6317901611328 17.1699886322021,29.3662662506104 C16.904468536377,29.2866153717041 16.6212463378906,29.3928184509277 16.4796333312988,29.6317901611328 C16.2804908752441,29.9681186676025 16.4442310333252,30.4018001556396 16.8159599304199,30.5168609619141 C17.8160915374756,30.8222141265869 18.8604736328125,30.9771003723145 19.9269847869873,30.9771003723145 C21.0111961364746,30.9771003723145 22.0688571929932,30.8177871704102 23.0866889953613,30.4991588592529 C23.4539928436279,30.3796768188477 23.6221561431885,29.9548454284668 23.4274425506592,29.6185169219971 Z M26.972146987915,34.5837631225586 C26.8039817810059,34.3049621582031 26.4455280303955,34.212028503418 26.1623077392578,34.3624877929688 C24.2284278869629,35.2829666137695 22.1042575836182,35.7786102294922 19.9269828796387,35.7786102294922 C17.732006072998,35.7786102294922 15.5945606231689,35.2785415649414 13.6562557220459,34.3492202758789 C13.3686084747314,34.1722030639648 12.99245262146,34.2651290893555 12.8242893218994,34.5616302490234 L12.811014175415,34.5837631225586 C12.6517009735107,34.8625564575195 12.749059677124,35.212158203125 13.0234308242798,35.3847427368164 L13.0278568267822,35.3891754150391 L13.2402725219727,35.4953842163086 C15.3423166275024,36.4866638183594 17.5903968811035,36.9867248535156 19.9269847869873,36.9867248535156 C22.2237453460693,36.9867248535156 24.4408473968506,36.4999389648438 26.5119113922119,35.5396347045898 C26.5959930419922,35.4998016357422 26.6800746917725,35.4599761962891 26.7685813903809,35.4201507568359 C27.0518035888672,35.2431335449219 27.144739151001,34.8714065551758 26.972146987915,34.5837554931641 Z M26.9411716461182,12.2843942642212 C26.7951374053955,12.5233631134033 26.839391708374,12.8331384658813 27.0429534912109,13.027853012085 C27.7156105041504,13.6783809661865 28.2953281402588,14.435115814209 28.7599906921387,15.2847843170166 C29.2202301025391,16.1167507171631 29.5432796478271,16.9973964691162 29.7335681915283,17.9001693725586 C29.7911014556885,18.1701164245605 30.0212211608887,18.3692569732666 30.3000183105469,18.3781070709229 C30.6894454956055,18.3913822174072 30.9903717041016,18.037353515625 30.9107151031494,17.656774520874 C30.693868637085,16.630090713501 30.3265647888184,15.6388120651245 29.8132247924805,14.7050638198853 C29.291036605835,13.7536125183105 28.6405067443848,12.9039440155029 27.8704967498779,12.1604852676392 C27.5916996002197,11.8949632644653 27.1403121948242,11.9569177627563 26.9411716461182,12.2843942642212 Z M29.5698318481445,6.77925252914429 C29.4105186462402,7.06247520446777 29.4990253448486,7.42092943191528 29.7689723968506,7.59351778030396 C31.5081386566162,8.84589290618896 32.9640808105469,10.4744243621826 34.0128860473633,12.3817529678345 C35.0705528259277,14.3067817687988 35.6635475158691,16.4265270233154 35.7874565124512,18.5772495269775 C35.7697525024414,18.9135761260986 36.0352745056152,19.2012252807617 36.3760261535645,19.2056503295898 L36.4025764465332,19.2056503295898 C36.7256278991699,19.210075378418 36.9778785705566,18.9578304290771 37,18.6347808837891 L37,18.6303539276123 L36.9867286682129,18.3913860321045 C36.8406867980957,16.0680751800537 36.1945877075195,13.8509712219238 35.0661239624023,11.8020315170288 C33.9597854614258,9.78407001495361 32.4640121459961,8.07588291168213 30.6230621337891,6.71729946136475 C30.5478324890137,6.6597695350647 30.472599029541,6.60666561126709 30.3929424285889,6.55356121063232 C30.1097183227539,6.3898229598999 29.7379913330078,6.48718070983887 29.5698261260986,6.77925491333008 Z M9.61590576171875,18.3073024749756 C9.89470291137695,18.2763233184814 10.1115465164185,18.0550556182861 10.1469488143921,17.7718353271484 C10.2531566619873,16.8380832672119 10.4965515136719,15.9176111221313 10.8859834671021,15.0325403213501 C11.2665643692017,14.1607446670532 11.7622032165527,13.3641805648804 12.3596258163452,12.6649751663208 C12.5366401672363,12.4525585174561 12.5543413162231,12.1516332626343 12.3950281143188,11.9259405136108 C12.1693353652954,11.6073141098022 11.7046728134155,11.585186958313 11.4524278640747,11.8816862106323 C10.770923614502,12.6782503128052 10.2133293151855,13.572172164917 9.7840690612793,14.5501747131348 C9.35038471221924,15.545880317688 9.07158660888672,16.581413269043 8.95652675628662,17.643497467041 C8.9078483581543,18.0285053253174 9.23089981079102,18.3515548706055 9.61590385437012,18.307300567627 Z M3.74345946311951,19.5729541778564 C4.06208515167236,19.5286998748779 4.29220294952393,19.2410526275635 4.27007675170898,18.9180011749268 C4.20369625091553,16.7761325836182 4.60197830200195,14.6254081726074 5.47377300262451,12.6251468658447 C6.35441827774048,10.6116104125977 7.6643238067627,8.85031890869141 9.29285430908203,7.44305562973022 C9.57165145874023,7.24834060668945 9.63360786437988,6.86775970458984 9.4344654083252,6.59338808059692 L9.42119026184082,6.57126140594482 C9.23090171813965,6.31016540527344 8.87244701385498,6.26591205596924 8.60692596435547,6.44292593002319 L8.60249900817871,6.44735145568848 C8.5405445098877,6.50045585632324 8.4830150604248,6.54913520812988 8.42105960845947,6.60223913192749 C6.67304420471191,8.1334114074707 5.31446075439453,10.0009117126465 4.37628555297852,12.142783164978 C3.45581150054932,14.2492523193359 3.01327586174011,16.4796314239502 3.06195497512817,18.7675380706787 C3.06195497512817,18.8604717254639 3.06638073921204,18.9578304290771 3.07080554962158,19.0507621765137 C3.10620856285095,19.3826637268066 3.41155791282654,19.6172065734863 3.74345946311951,19.5729522705078 Z" p-id="4161" fill="#FF1296DB" stroke="Null"></path>
  

  • Name：设置控件名称为fxSuperButtonServices。

• ⑥fxSwitchButton1属性设置

  • Height：设置控件高度=200。
  • Width：设置控件宽度=200。
  • SwitchOffBmp：设置开关状态为关时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：设置开关状态为开时显示的图像，双击该属性或者点击属性右侧的[...]打开图像编辑器。点击[Load...]打开资源管理器，选择所需的图片后点击[打开]，选择的图像会显示在预览框中。可在该页面下进行裁切或者缩放像素以使图像与控件的宽度高度相适应，修改完成后点击[OK]按钮完成图像修改。

  

7. 程序设计

  点击程序设计界面右下角的按钮，切换至单元选择界面，勾选需要使用的单元。该程序需要引用uUsbSerial单元。

7.1. 程序初始设置

  该程序无初始设置。

7.2. 事件设置

• ⑥fxSwitchButton1-OnSwitch事件

  点击切换开关状态以开启或者关闭LED灯。

Procedure fxSwitchButton1OnSwitch(Sender: TObject);
//开启、关闭LED
Begin
  if fxSwitchButton1.IsChecked Then
  //开启LED灯
  begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteByte(49,0);
    fxSwitchButton2.IsChecked := True;
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED灯已开启',2.0,100);
  End
  else
  //关闭LED灯
  Begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteByte(48,0);
    fxSwitchButton2.IsChecked := False;
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED灯已关闭',2.0,100);
  End;
End;

• ②fxSuperButtonPaired-OnClick事件

  点击按钮加载设备列表。

Procedure fxSuperButtonPairedOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//加载USB设备列表
Begin
  ComboBoxPaired.Items := fxUsbSerial1.Devices;
  ComboBoxPaired.DropDown;
  fxSuperButtonPaired.Enabled := False;
End;

• ③ComboBoxPaired-OnChange事件

  点击列表，切换使用的设备。

Procedure ComboBoxPairedOnChange(Sender: TObject);
//切换串口设备
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.UsbDevice := ComboBoxPaired.Items[ComboBoxPaired.ItemIndex];
End;

• ⑤fxSuperButtonServices-OnClick事件

  点击服务按钮启动串口。

Procedure fxSuperButtonServicesOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//打开串口
begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Open(True);
End;

8. 运行结果

  使用鼠标在 PinToo 菜单，点击[保存至数据库]按钮，将其保存至数据库，点击[调试运行]确认能够正常打开。

  通过同步中心，将程序上传至手机PinToo运行；同步时，请确保手机已经运行PinToo，并且已经登陆。

  将手机与Arduino的USB端口进行连接，点击设备搜寻按钮，弹出的下拉列表中选择对应的设备，点击服务按钮开启串口连接，点击下方的开关按钮，Arduino的LED灯亮，状态显示区的灯处于亮灯的状态。再次点击开关按钮，Arduino的LED灯灭，状态显示区的灯处于灭灯的状态。